The Words of the Samurai – Episode 12

Uesugi Kenshin and the Value of Giri in Feudal Japan

In this twelfth installment of our series exploring the words and deeds of legendary samurai, we begin a short two-part focus on one of the most influential figures of the Sengoku period: Uesugi Kenshin, the “Tiger of Echigo.” Renowned both for his military prowess and his uncompromising moral character, Kenshin stands out as a singular figure. This first article presents a key testimony highlighting his sense of justice and his devotion to the principle of giri (moral obligation), even in a time when power often ruled over principle. Next week, we’ll share a second perspective to further illuminate this remarkable daimyō.

Praise from an Enemy: Hōjō Ujiyasu’s Words

While the Sengoku period was undeniably a violent era soaked in blood, it was also a time that gave rise to many remarkable individuals. One of the most unique among them was Uesugi Kenshin, known as the “Tiger of Echigo.” Unlike most daimyō of his era, Kenshin remained unmarried for his entire life.

The story of Kenshin “sending salt” to his rival Takeda Shingen is still told today as a tale of virtue. Even his contemporaries held his character in high regard. Hōjō Ujiyasu, who competed with Kenshin for dominance in the Kantō region, once said:

“Takeda Shingen and Oda Nobunaga are men of two faces—you never know when they’ll betray you. But Kenshin, once he makes a promise, will never break it, even in death.”

Regarding the idea of giri (moral obligation), Kenshin himself said:

“Lords usually evaluate retainers by their performance in battle. But distinguishing yourself in combat is a given for any warrior. I value more the one who maintains proper conduct and acts with integrity.”

For Kenshin, duty mattered more than military glory. Even in an age where might often meant right, there were men like him.

Uesugi Kenshin stands out as a rare figure among the warlords of the Sengoku period—a man who placed justice and moral integrity at the heart of his political and military actions. In an age marked by betrayal and power struggles, his steadfast commitment to the ideal of giri remains a powerful example of personal honour. In our next article, we’ll explore a different perspective to further understand what made Kenshin a legend.